Hedge
RiskPosition to offset risk (e.g., options, futures)
Hedging involves taking an offsetting position to reduce risk from an existing position. Common hedges include options, futures, and forward contracts... ...read more
Comprehensive financial glossary with 154+ terms
Position to offset risk (e.g., options, futures)
Hedging involves taking an offsetting position to reduce risk from an existing position. Common hedges include options, futures, and forward contracts... ...read more
Spreading risk across assets/factors to reduce idiosyncratic volatility
Diversification spreads investments across uncorrelated assets to reduce unsystematic risk. Modern Portfolio Theory shows proper diversification can o... ...read more
Determining how much capital per trade/asset; risk management core
Position sizing determines capital allocation per investment based on risk tolerance. Methods include fixed percentage, equal weighting, or Kelly Crit... ...read more
Excess return over risk-free rate demanded by investors
Risk premium compensates investors for bearing risk beyond the risk-free rate. Formula: Expected Return - Risk-Free Rate. Equity risk premium averages... ...read more
Return scaled by risk (Sharpe, Sortino, Information ratio)
Risk-adjusted returns account for volatility and risk taken. Sharpe ratio divides excess return by volatility. Sortino focuses on downside deviation.... ...read more
(Return − Risk-free) / Volatility
Sharpe ratio measures risk-adjusted returns by dividing excess return by volatility. Formula: (Portfolio Return - Risk-Free Rate) / Portfolio Volatili... ...read more
Dispersion measure of returns; input to many risk metrics
Standard deviation measures return variability around the mean. Higher values indicate greater volatility. Used in Sharpe ratio, VaR calculations, and... ...read more
Market-wide risk that can't be diversified away
Systematic risk affects the entire market and cannot be eliminated through diversification. Includes interest rate changes, recessions, and geopolitic... ...read more
Loss threshold not exceeded with X% confidence over Y period
VaR estimates maximum potential loss over a period at a confidence level. Methods include historical simulation, parametric, and Monte Carlo. Limitati... ...read more